
| 本條目翻譯品質不佳。 |
| 湯姆·克魯斯 Tom Cruise | |
|---|---|
克魯斯在2016年11月的《神隱任務:永不回頭》日本首映 | |
| 男演員 | |
| 原文名 | 湯瑪斯·克魯斯·梅波瑟四世 Thomas Cruise Mapother IV |
| 英文名 | Tom Cruise |
| 暱稱 | 阿湯哥 |
| 國籍 | |
| 出生 | 1962年7月3日 |
| 宗教信仰 | 山達基 |
| 配偶 | 咪咪·羅傑斯(1987年-1990年結婚) 妮可·基嫚(1990年-2001年結婚) 凱蒂·荷姆斯(2006年-2012年結婚) |
| 兒女 | Suri Cruise 出生於2006年4月18日 |
| 活躍年代 | 1981年至今 |
| 簽名 | |
| 網站 | tomcruise |
| 網路電影資料庫(IMDb)資訊 | |
| 中國大陸 | 湯姆·克魯斯 |
|---|---|
| 臺灣 | 湯姆·克魯斯 |
| 港澳 | 湯·告魯斯 |
湯姆·克魯斯(英語:Tom Cruise,1962年7月3日-)全名湯瑪斯·克魯斯·梅波瑟四世(英語:Thomas Cruise Mapother IV),是美國男演員及電影製片人。1986年出演《捍衛戰士》一片,扮演F-14戰鬥機的駕駛員成為全美家喻戶曉的青少年偶像。1988年的《雨人》,1989年的《七月四日誕生》,個人演技逐漸成熟,1990年代以後成為片酬最高的男演員之一,1996年起接演《不可能的任務》系列電影成為他的知名代表作,加上出眾的外形魅力,成為風靡全球的好萊塢電影巨星。
克魯斯是山達基教會(科學教)及其有聯繫的社會計劃的直言不諱擁護者,並且把幫助他克服讀寫障礙歸功於山達基。2000年代,他對精神病學和抗抑鬱藥物的批評,特別是對九一一救援人員的治療,以及費心在歐洲推廣山達基為宗教,引發了爭議,例如他曾做一段推廣山達基的洩漏採訪影片。
2017年8月,克魯斯在倫敦趕拍新片《不可能的任務6》期間,拍攝跳樓戲失手,腳踝關節至少兩度骨折,預計需休養數個月才能康復[1]。
湯姆·克魯斯的父親是國防電子工程師,母親是特殊教育教師,他父親脾氣很差常毆打他,12歲的時候父母離婚。湯姆克魯斯有英國、德國與愛爾蘭血統,年輕時曾考慮當天主教神父,也曾在足球隊踢球但因喝酒被開除,在中學時開始對演戲感興趣,湯姆克魯斯第一部參加的電影是1981年《無盡的愛》與《熄燈號》。曾患有閱讀障礙的疾病, 但現已大幅改善。
克魯斯已婚和離婚三次,有三個孩子(兩個收養和一個親生)。
1987年5月9日,湯姆·克魯斯與女演員咪咪·羅傑斯結婚。他們於1990年2月4日離婚。羅傑斯把克魯斯介紹給山達基。[2]
克魯斯和澳洲著名女演員,妮可·基嫚於拍攝電影《霹靂男兒》(1990年)時認識。他們於1990年12月24日結婚。克魯斯及基嫚共有1名養女及1名養子,分別是伊莎貝拉(Isabella)和康納(Connor)。2001年2月,克魯斯在基嫚不知不覺地懷孕時提起離婚。2007年,基嫚澄清了在與克魯斯結婚時早期流產的傳言,在接受採訪時說:「這是錯誤的報導」,並解釋說她實際上有異位妊娠。[3]在她下一段與齊斯·艾本的婚姻之前,基嫚談到了她仍然愛著克魯斯。她在2006年說:「他曾是大明星,現在還是。對我來說,他只是湯姆,但是對於別人來說,他是大明星。但他對我很好,我愛他。我還愛著他。」[4]
克魯斯的下一段浪漫關聯是與女演員潘妮洛普·克魯茲交往,他們在《香草天空》(2001年)聯合演出。其關係在2004年結束。[5]2012年10月出版的《名利場》中的一篇文章指出,有幾個消息來源表示,在與克魯斯分手後,山達基教會啟動了一個秘密計劃,替克魯斯尋找新女友。據那些消息來源,山達基女演員的一系列「面試」導致與伊朗女演員納贊寧·波妮阿蒂短暫的關係,她其後便離開了山達基。[6]
山達基教會和克魯斯的律師發出強烈的措辭否認和威脅起訴,指責《名利場》的「劣質新聞」和「宗教偏見」。[7]記者羅傑·弗里德曼後來報導,他曾收到來自導演和前山達基教徒保羅·哈吉斯的電子郵件來證實這個故事。[8][9]
2005年4月,克魯斯開始跟女演員,凱蒂·荷姆斯約會。他在電視節目Oprah Winfrey Show中,他在表達對荷姆斯的愛時亂跳一氣甚至跳上沙發。[10];同年6月17日,克魯斯宣布荷姆斯接受了他在艾菲爾鐵塔的求婚;2006年11月18日,他們於義大利首都羅馬附近的奧迪斯卡契城堡結婚。他倆亦被人稱為「TomKat」。克魯斯和凱蒂在2006年4月18日迎接了他們的首位孩子:女兒,蘇莉(Suri);蘇莉這名字在希伯來語有「公主」的意思。2012年6月29日,兩人在結婚五年半後離婚。[11][12]這也是湯姆的第三次離婚[13]。
湯姆·克魯斯在2013年11月5日告鮑爾傳媒集團的法庭文檔中正式闡述凱蒂否認離婚和科學教有關。同時,在《人物》雜誌的報導中,他對小報的誹謗進行闢謠,科學教從來不是離婚的理由。
湯姆·克魯斯曾公開發言支持山達基教會[14]。他於1986年透過第一任妻子咪咪·羅傑斯加入山達基[15],而且他說明過自己成功克服閱讀障礙主要歸功於L·羅恩·賀伯特的教學技術Study Tech[16]。1998年他將說他是同性戀的Daily Express告上法庭。[17]
除了推廣各種計劃來向人介紹山達基教外,克魯斯也參加將山達基教於歐洲被承認為宗教的運動。在2005年,湯姆·克魯斯向法國巴黎議員尼古拉·薩科吉及Jean-Claude Gaudin進行遊說,但遭受巴黎市議會指責山達基是一個令人不安的教派,而克魯斯更是當中的激進分子,並全面抵制他。[18]
克魯斯與其他教徒成立了New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project,籌集捐款給該計劃所屬的市中心區醫療組織(Downtown Medical),以協助九一一襲擊事件的救援人員進行排毒治療,此舉動引發了消防員對該計劃的批評[19],認為其真正目的是趁機吸引人參加山達基。[20]
對於此類活動,山達基主席大衛·密斯凱維吉於2004年頒贈山達基的勳章給湯姆·克魯斯,以讚揚他對教會的貢獻。[21]
2004年1月,克魯斯做了一個有爭議的聲明「我認為精神病學應該被定為不合法」。[22]更進一步的爭議是在2005年,當時克魯斯公開地批評布魯克·雪德絲使用抗抑鬱藥叫帕羅西汀(Paroxetine)來治療產後抑鬱症,他宣稱從來沒有所謂的化學失衡(由精神病引起的一種假說),而精神病學只是一門偽科學,因為眾所周知山達基教一向反對精神病學及精神科藥物。其後布魯克回應克魯斯「應該只顧去從外星人的手中拯救整個世界,然後就讓一些正在經歷產後抑鬱症的女人決定哪一個的治療方法適合她們自己」(原文:"Tom should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them")。[23]這引起了克魯斯與馬特勞爾在2005年6月24日國家廣播公司(NBC)的今日秀之中進行激烈爭論[24]。
醫學權威機構認為克魯斯的評論是對精神病的一大污點[25],而布魯克稱克魯斯的評論傷害了所有母親[26]。直到2006年8月,克魯斯才親自向布魯克致歉[27]。
由於克魯斯的反精神病學的言論和活動,開始導致與他拍攝《世界大戰》的導演史蒂芬·史匹柏產生不和,煩厭克魯斯在訪問期間替山達基作宣傳多過電影。[28]
2008年1月15日,一段由山達基教訪問湯姆·克魯斯的影片被上載至YouTube,片中主要提及克魯斯討論山達基對他自己的重要性。[29]山達基教會聲稱這影片是「被盜竊及剪輯過」,剪掉了其餘三小時的片段包括多名山達基成員。[30]YouTube曾經在被起訴的威脅下移除該影片。[31]
其後引起了黑客組織匿名者(Anonymous)的不滿,而成立了一個反山達基的活動「Project Chanology」,目的是驅除所有山達基在網絡上的運作。[32]後來該訪問影片被發現並沒有違反版權法,實際上是屬於合理使用。而影片在YouTube上已被恢復,至今仍然可以觀看。
2013年,克魯斯闡述前妻凱蒂·荷姆斯與他離婚有部分原因是為了保護女兒蘇莉(Suri)免受山達基騷擾,而他也說蘇莉再也不是山達基成員。[33]
根據2015年的紀錄片《解密山達基》(Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief)中,宣稱克魯斯利用海洋機構的人員作為免費勞工。[34]在紀錄片中,克魯斯的前核數師馬克·賴斯本聲稱妮可·基嫚受到克魯斯和密斯凱維吉竊聽(克魯斯的律師否認),原因是她被山達基視為「抑制者」(Suppressive Person)。[35][36](山達基術語,意思為山達基的敵人或者對周遭別人產生潛在麻煩的人)
| 年份 | 正式譯名 | 英文片名 | 劇中角色 | 票房 | 預算 | 報酬 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 無盡的愛 | Endless Love | Billy | $32,492,674 | 不明 | 3萬美元 | not yet released on Region 1DVD |
| 熄燈號 | Taps | Cadet Captain David Shawn | $35,856,053 (國內) | 不明 | 5萬美元[37] | ||
| 1983 | 小教父 | The Outsiders | Steve Randle | $25,697,647 (國內) | 1000萬美元 | ||
| 失貞記 | Losin' It | Woody | $1,246,141 (國內) | 700萬美元 | |||
| 步步登天 | All the Right Moves | Stefen "Stef" Djordjevic | $17,233,166 (國內) | 不明 | |||
| 保送入學 | Risky Business | Joel Goodson | $63,541,777 (國內) | 620萬美元 | 7.5萬美元[37] | 提名 — 金球獎最佳音樂及喜劇類電影男主角 | |
| 1985 | 黑魔王 | Legend | Jack O' The Green | $15,502,112 (國內) | 3000萬美元 | 50萬美元[37] | |
| 1986 | 捍衛戰士 | Top Gun | Lt. Pete 'Maverick' Mitchell | $353,816,701 | 1500萬美元 | 200萬美元 [37] | |
| 金錢本色 | The Color of Money | Vincent Lauria | $52,293,982 (國內) | 1380萬美元 | 100萬美元 | ||
| 1988 | 花心情聖 | Cocktail | Brian Flanagan | $171,504,781 | 6000萬美元 | 300萬美元 | 提名 —Razzie Award for Worst Actor |
| 雨人 | Rain Man | Charlie Babbitt | $354,825,435 | 2500萬美元 | 300萬美元及%電影利潤 | 堪薩斯市影評人協會獎最佳男配角獎 | |
| 1989 | 七月四日誕生 | Born on the Fourth of July | 羅·科維克(Ron Kovic) | $161,001,698 | 1400萬美元 | %電影利潤 | 金球獎最佳戲劇類電影男主角 芝加哥影評人協會最佳男主角獎 People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor 提名 — 奧斯卡最佳男主角獎 提名 — 英國電影學院獎最佳男主角 |
| 1990 | 霹靂男兒 | Days of Thunder | Cole Trickle | $157,920,733 | 6000萬美元 | 700萬美元 | |
| 1992 | 遠離家園 | Far and Away | Joseph Donnelly | $137,783,840 | 3000萬美元 | 1300萬美元 | 提名 —MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo (w/ Nicole Kidman) |
| 軍官與魔鬼 | A Few Good Men | Lt. Daniel Kaffee | $243,240,178 | 4000萬美元 | 1250萬美元 | 提名 — 金球獎最佳戲劇類電影男主角 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳演出 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳男演員 | |
| 1993 | 黑色豪門企業 | The Firm | Mitch McDeere | $270,248,367 | 4200萬美元 | 1200萬美元 | People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture Actor 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳演出 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳男演員 |
| 1994 | 夜訪吸血鬼 | Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles | Lestat de Lioncourt | $223,664,608 | 6000萬美元 | 1500萬美元 | Razzie Award for Worst Screen Couple 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳處女演出 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳男演員 提名 —MTV Movie Award for On-Screen Duo 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 |
| 1996 | 不可能的任務 | Mission: Impossible | 伊森·韓特 | $457,696,359 | 8000萬美元 | 7000萬美元 (總票房中) | 美國演員工會獎 提名 —Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor 提名 —Producers Guild of America Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award |
| 征服情海 | Jerry Maguire | Jerry Maguire | $273,552,592 | 5000萬美元 | 2000萬美元及15%電影利潤 | 百視達娛樂獎最佳男主角 金球獎最佳音樂及喜劇類電影男主角 MTV電影大獎最佳演出 國家評論協會最佳男主角 衛星獎最佳男主角 提名 — 奧斯卡最佳男主角獎 提名 — 美國演員工會獎最佳男主角 | |
| 1999 | 大開眼戒 | Eyes Wide Shut | Bill Harford | $162,091,208 | 6500萬美元 | 2000萬美元 | 提名 — 百視達娛樂獎最佳男主角 |
| 心靈角落 | Magnolia | Frank T.J. Mackey | $48,451,803 | 3700萬美元 | 10萬美元 | 金球獎最佳電影男配角 百視達娛樂獎最佳男配角 芝加哥影評人協會獎最佳男配角 佛羅里達影評人協會最佳演出 國家評論協會最佳演出 提名 — 奧斯卡最佳男配角獎 提名 — 衛星獎最佳戲劇類電影男配角 提名 — 美國演員工會獎最佳男配角 提名 — 美國演員工會獎最佳演出 | |
| 2000 | 不可能的任務2 | Mission: Impossible II | 伊森·韓特 | $546,388,105 | 1.25億美元 | 7500萬美元 (總票房中) | MTV電影大獎最佳演出 提名 — 百視達娛樂獎最佳男主角 提名 — 青少年選擇獎最受歡迎男演員獎 提名 — 青少年選擇獎for Film- Choice Actor 提名 — 青少年選擇獎for Film- Wipeout Scene of the Summer |
| 2001 | 史丹利·庫柏力克:電影人生 | Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures | Narrator | None | Unknown | ||
| 香草天空 | Vanilla Sky | David Aames | $203,388,341 | 6800萬美元 | 2000萬美元及30%電影利潤 | Producer 土星獎最佳電影男主角 | |
| 2002 | 終極太空站 | Space Station 3D | Narrator | $127,557,941 | Unknown | IMAX Only | |
| 關鍵報告 | Minority Report | John Anderton | $358,372,926 | 1.02億美元 | 2500萬美元 | 帝國獎最佳電影男主角 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 | |
| 王牌大賤諜3:夠MAN吧 | Austin Powers in Goldmember | Himself | $296,655,431 | 6300萬美元 | Cameo | ||
| 2003 | 末代武士 | The Last Samurai | Nathan Algren | $456,758,981 | 1.4億美元 | 2500萬美元及%電影利潤 | Producer Ethnic Multicultural Media Award for Best Film Actor 提名 — 金球獎最佳戲劇類電影男主角 MTV Movie Awards, Mexico, for Funniest America in Japan 提名 —MTV電影大獎最佳演出 提名 — 衛星獎最佳戲劇類電影男主角 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 |
| 2004 | 落日殺神 | Collateral | Vincent | $217,764,291 | 6500萬美元 | 提名 — 帝國獎最佳電影男主角 提名 —MTV Movie Award for Best Villain 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 提名 —People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star 提名 — 青少年選擇獎最佳電影男主角 提名 — 青少年選擇獎最佳電影男惡霸 | |
| 2005 | 世界大戰 | War of the Worlds | Ray Ferrier | $591,745,540 | 1.32億美元 | 1億美元 (20%總利潤) | 提名 —Razzie Award for Worst Actor 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 |
| 2006 | 不可能的任務3 | Mission: Impossible III | 伊森·韓特 | $397,850,012 | 1.5億美元 | 7500萬美元(總票房中) | Also producer 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 提名 — 青少年選擇獎for Movies- Choice Actor: Drama/ Action-Adventure |
| 2007 | 權力風暴 | Lions for Lambs | Senator Jasper Irving | $63,215,872 | 3500萬美元 | ||
| 2008 | 開麥拉驚魂 | Tropic Thunder | Les Grossman | $188,072,649 | 9200萬美元 | 波士頓影評人協會獎最佳群戲 提名 — 金球獎最佳電影男配角 | |
| 行動代號:華爾奇麗雅 | Valkyrie | 克勞斯·馮·史陶芬堡 | $200,276,784 | 7500萬美元 | 2000萬美元及20%電影利潤 | 提名 — 土星獎最佳電影男主角 | |
| 2010 | 騎士出任務 | Knight and Day | Roy Miller | $261,930,436[38] | 1.17億美元 | 1100萬美元 | |
| 2011 | 不可能的任務:鬼影行動 | Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol | 伊森·韓特 | $694,713,380 | 1.45億美元 | 1200萬美元 | |
| 2012 | 搖滾時代 | Rock of Ages | Stacee Jaxx | $56,359,422 | 7500萬美元 | 500萬美元 | |
| 神隱任務 | Jack Reacher | Jack Reacher | $216,540,035 | 6000萬美元 | 750萬美元 | ||
| 2013 | 遺落戰境 | Oblivion | Jack Harper | $283,021,735 | 1.2億美元 | 2000萬美元 | |
| 2014 | 明日邊界 | Edge of Tomorrow | Lt. Col. Bill Cage | $363,631,199 | 1.78億美元 | 2300萬美元 | 提名 — 青少年票選獎必選電影演員:動作類 |
| 2015 | 不可能的任務:失控國度[39] | Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | 伊森·韓特 | $682,330,139 | 1.5億美元 | 2500萬美元 | |
| 2016 | 神隱任務:永不回頭 | Jack Reacher: Never Go Back | Jack Reacher | $155,159,104 | 9600萬美元 | ||
| 2017 | 神鬼傳奇 | The Mummy | Nick Morton | ||||
| 2017 | 美國製造 | American Made | Barry Seal | ||||
| 2018 | 不可能的任務:全面瓦解 | Mission: Impossible – Fallout[40] | 伊森·韓特 | ||||
| 2019 | 捍衛戰士2 | Top Gun: Maverick[41] |
| Tom Cruise | |
|---|---|
Cruise at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con | |
| Born | Thomas Cruise Mapother IV July 3, 1962 Syracuse, New York, U.S. |
| Residence | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Actor, producer |
| Years active | 1981–present |
| Spouse(s) |
|
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | William Mapother (cousin) |
| Website | tomcruise |
| Signature | |
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love (1981), before making his breakthrough in the comedy Risky Business (1983) and receiving widespread attention for starring in the action drama Top Gun (1986) as Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell. After starring in The Color of Money (1986) andCocktail (1988), Cruise starred oppositeDustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama Rain Man. For his role as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the dramaBorn on the Fourth of July (1989), Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and his firstAcademy Award for Best Actor nomination.
In the 1990s, Cruise starred with Jack Nicholson in the legal drama A Few Good Men(1992) and starred in a number of box office hits including The Firm (1993) and Interview with the Vampire (1994), before starring as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the action spy thrillerMission: Impossible (1996), the first of a commercially successful six-film series. In 1996, Cruise also starred as the title character in the romantic comedy-drama Jerry Maguire, earning him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and his second Academy Award nomination. In 1999, Cruise starred in the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut opposite his then wife Nicole Kidman and also appeared in the ensemble drama Magnolia, for which he received theGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
After receiving a Saturn Award for Best Actor for his performance in the psychological thriller Vanilla Sky (2001), Cruise collaborated with director Steven Spielberg on the science fiction thrillers Minority Report (2002) and War of the Worlds (2005). In 2008, he gave a supporting performance in the action comedy Tropic Thunder and starred in the historical thriller Valkyrie as Claus von Stauffenberg. In 2012, Cruise played theeponymous role in the thriller Jack Reacher. Cruise's films have grossed more than $3.7 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide,[1] making him the eighth highest-grossing actor in North America and one of the top-grossing actors worldwide.[2]
Cruise has been married three times, to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, Katie Holmes, and has three children, two of which were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and has one biological daughter with Holmes, whom he divorced from in 2012. Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs, and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia. In the 2000s, his Church-affiliated criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs, particularly for 9/11 rescue workers, and his efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe sparked controversies, as did aleaked video interview of him promoting Scientology.
Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee (née 
feiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III,[3] an electrical engineer, both originally from Louisville, Kentucky.[4][5] He has three sisters: Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. They are of English, German, and Irish ancestry.[6][7] One of Cruise's paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in north County Dublin in 1799; he married Teresa Johnson in County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for the United States that same year and settled in New York.[6] They had a daughter, Mary Paulina Russell Cruise, whose son Thomas Cruise Mapother was Cruise's great-grandfather.[8][9][10][11] A cousin, William Mapother, is also an actor; he and Cruise have appeared in five films together.[12]
Cruise grew up in near poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his abusive father, whom Cruise has described as "a merchant of chaos."[13] Cruise has said that he was beaten by his father, whom he has called a "bully and coward." He stated, "He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he'd lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'"[13]
Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada. His family moved to Beacon Hill, Ottawa, in late 1971 so that Cruise's father could take a position as a defense consultant with theCanadian Armed Forces.[14] There, Cruise attended the newly opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four and grade five.[14][15] In grade four, Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg. Cruise and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called IT at the Carleton Elementary School drama festival.[14] Drama organizer Val Wright, who was in the audience that night, reflected, "The movement and improvisation were excellent. It was a classic ensemble piece."[14] Cruise also enjoyed sports at the school and played floor hockey, though he was known more for his aggression than his talent.[citation needed]
In sixth grade, Cruise went to Henry Munro Middle School in Ottawa, Canada. However, in the spring of that year, Cruise's mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the United States.[14] His father died of cancer in 1984.[16] Cruise briefly attended aFranciscan seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio, on a church scholarship and aspired to become a Catholic priest, before his interest in acting.[17]:24–26 In his senior year, he played footballfor the varsity team as a linebacker, but he was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.[17]:47 In total, Cruise attended 15 schools in 14 years, including stints in at least two suburban New Jersey towns, including Glen Ridge.[18]
Cruise first appeared in a bit part in the 1981 film Endless Love, followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military academy student in Taps later that year. In 1983, Cruise was part of the ensemble cast of The Outsiders. That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as "A Generation Xclassic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise",[19] and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a superstar.[20] Cruise also played the male lead in the Ridley Scottfilm Legend, released in 1985.[21]
Cruise followed up Top Gun with The Color of Money, which came out the same year, and which paired him with Paul Newman. 1988 saw him star in Cocktail, which earned him a nomination for the Razzie Award for Worst Actor. Later that year he starred with Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, which won theAcademy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic in 1989's Born on the Fourth of July, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.
Cruise's next films were Days of Thunder (1990) and Far and Away (1992), both of which co-starred then-wife Nicole Kidman as his love interest. In 1994, Cruise starred along withBrad Pitt, Antonio Banderas and Christian Slater in Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on Anne Rice's best-selling novel. The film was well received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as Julian Sands was her first choice. Upon seeing the film however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in Daily Variety praising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.[22]
In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy Ethan Hunt in the reboot of Mission: Impossible, which he produced. It was a box office success, although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series.[23]
In 1996, he took on the title role in Jerry Maguire, for which he earned a Golden Globe and his second nomination for an Academy Award. In 1999, Cruise costarred with Kidman in the erotic Stanley Kubrick film Eyes Wide Shut, and took a rare supporting role, as a motivational speaker, Frank T.J. Mackey, in Magnolia, for which he received anotherGolden Globe and nomination for an Academy Award.
In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the Mission Impossible films, Mission: Impossible 2. The film was helmed by Hong Kong director John Woo and branded with his gun fu style, and continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost $547M in worldwide figures. Like its predecessor, it was the highest-grossing film of the year, and had a mixed critical reception. Cruise received an MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance for this film.
His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.[24][25] The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller Vanilla Sky(2001) with Cameron Diaz and Penélope Cruz. In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopianscience fiction thriller Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick.
In 2003, he starred in Edward Zwick's historical drama The Last Samurai, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for best actor. In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in War of the Worlds, a loose adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel of the same name, which became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year with US$591.4 million worldwide. Also in 2005, he won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star, and the MTV Generation Award. Cruise was nominated for seven Saturn Awards between 2002 and 2009, winning once. Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100 million at the box office.[24]
In 2006, he returned to his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the Mission Impossible film series, Mission: Impossible III. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed nearly $400 million at the box office.[26] In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in Lions for Lambs, which was a commercial disappointment. This was followed by an unrecognizable appearance as "Les Grossman" in the 2008 comedy Tropic Thunder with Ben Stiller, Jack Black, and Robert Downey Jr. This performance earned Cruise a Golden Globenomination. Cruise played the central role in the historical thrillerValkyrie released on December 25, 2008 to box office success.[27]
In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy Knight and Day, in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.[28] On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth installment in the Mission: Impossible series. The film was released in December 2011[29] to high critical acclaim[30] and box office success.[31] Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it is Cruise's biggest commercial success to date.[32]
On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the Simon Wiesenthal Centre and Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.[33] In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he played the characterStacee Jaxx. The film was released in June 2012.[34]
Cruise starred as Jack Reacher in the film adaptation of British author Lee Child's 2005 novel One Shot. The film was released on December 21, 2012.[35] It met with positive reviews from critics and was a box office success grossing $216,568,266 worldwide.[36][37]In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film Oblivion based on director Joseph Kosinski's graphic novel of the same name. The film met with mixed reviews and grossed $285,600,588 worldwide. It also starred Morgan Freeman and Olga Kurylenko.[38][39]
As of mid-2015 Cruise's films have grossed about $8.2 billion worldwide.[40]
Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the fifth installment of the Mission: Impossible series,Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation, which he also produced.[41] Returning cast members included Simon Pegg as Benji and Jeremy Renner as William Brandt, with Christopher McQuarrie as director.
Cruise starred in the 2017 reboot of Boris Karloff's 1932 horror movie The Mummy.[42] The new film, also titled The Mummy, was produced by Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, and Sean Daniel, written by Jon Spaihts and directed by Kurtzman. In 2018, Cruise again reprised Ethan Hunt, in the sixth film in his franchise, Mission: Impossible – Fallout.
Cruise partnered with his former talent agent Paula Wagner to form Cruise/Wagner Productions in 1993,[43] and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films, the first being Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.
Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood." Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.[44]
Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White Cityabout a real life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition.Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, Leonardo DiCaprio's production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.[45]
Cruise has produced for multiple films in which he has been. He produced Mission: Impossible, Without Limits, Mission: Impossible 2, The Others, Vanilla Sky and many others.[46]
On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company)Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.[47][48] Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from private equity firms.[49]
Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the Mission: Impossible franchise.[50][51]
In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over the film studio United Artists.[43] Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive.
Production began in 2007 of Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007 Cruise signed on to play Claus von Stauffenberg, the protagonist. This project marked the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, Lions for Lambs, directed byRobert Redford and starring Redford, Meryl Streep and Cruise. Lambs was released on November 9, 2007,[52] opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception.
In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.[53]
Cruise has been divorced three times and has three children (two adopted and one biological).
In the early to mid-1980s, Cruise had relationships with older women, including Rebecca De Mornay,[54] three years his senior; Patti Scialfa,[55] nine years his senior; and Cher,[56]sixteen years his senior.[57]
Cruise married actress Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987.[58] They divorced on February 4, 1990. Rogers introduced Cruise to the Church of Scientology.[59]
Cruise met his second wife, actress Nicole Kidman, on the set of their film Days of Thunder(1990). The couple married on December 24, 1990. Cruise and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella and Connor Antony. In February 2001, Cruise filed for divorce from Kidman while she was unknowingly pregnant. The pregnancy ended with a miscarriage. In 2007, Kidman clarified rumors of a miscarriage early in her marriage to Cruise, saying in an interview, "It was wrongly reported," and explaining that she had actually had an ectopic pregnancy.[60] Before Kidman's next marriage to Keith Urban, she spoke of how much she still loved Cruise, saying in 2006: "He was huge; still is. To me, he was just Tom, but to everybody else, he is huge. But he was lovely to me. And I loved him. I still love him."[61]
Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, his co-star in Vanilla Sky (2001). The relationship ended in 2004.[62] An article in the October 2012 issue of Vanity Fairstates that several sources have said that after the breakup with Cruz, the Church of Scientology launched a secret project to find Cruise a new girlfriend. According to those sources, a series of "auditions" of Scientologist actresses resulted in a short-lived relationship with British-Iranian actress Nazanin Boniadi, who subsequently left Scientology.[63]
The Church of Scientology and Cruise's lawyers issued strongly worded denials and threatened to sue, accusing Vanity Fair of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry."[64]Journalist Roger Friedman later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist Paul Haggis confirming the story.[65][66]
In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress Katie Holmes. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes – dubbed "TomKat" by the media – made their first public appearance together in Rome.[67]A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes onThe Oprah Winfrey Show, famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show.[68] On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child.[69] In April 2006 their daughter Suri was born.
On November 18, 2006, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, Italy, in a Scientology ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.[70][71]The actors' publicist said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.[72] There has been widespread speculation that their marriage was arranged by the Church of Scientology.[73][74] David Miscavige, the head of the Church of Scientology, served as Cruise's best man.[75]
On June 29, 2012, Holmes filed for divorce from Cruise after five and a half years of marriage.[76][77] On July 9, 2012, the couple signed a divorce settlement worked out by their lawyers.[78] Because New York law requires that all divorce documents remain sealed, the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available.[79]
Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs. He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.[80] Cruise struggled with dyslexia at an early age[81] and has said that Scientology, specifically theL. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia.[82]
In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be recognized as a religion in Europe. In 2005, the Paris city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials Nicolas Sarkozy and Jean-Claude Gaudin, described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.[83][84]
Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from the medical profession[85] and from firefighters.[86]
For such activities, Scientology leader David Miscavige created the Scientology Freedom Medal of Valor and awarded it to Cruise in late 2004.[87]
In January 2004, Cruise made the controversial statement "I think psychiatry should be outlawed."[88] Further controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress Brooke Shields for using the drug Paxil (paroxetine), an anti-depressant to which Shields attributes her recovery from postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience. Shields responded that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them."[89] This led to a heated argument between Matt Lauer and Cruise on NBC's Today on June 24, 2005.[90]
Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.[91][92] Shields herself called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere."[93] In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.[94]
Scientology is well known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry and the psychoactive drugs which are routinely prescribed for treatment.[87] It was reported that Cruise's anti-psychiatry actions led to a rift with director Steven Spielberg.[95] Spielberg had reportedly mentioned in Cruise's presence the name of a doctor friend who prescribed psychiatric medication. Shortly thereafter, the doctor's office was picketed by Scientologists, reportedly angering Spielberg.[96]
On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.[97][98] The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited", and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.[98][99] YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.[100]
After YouTube investigated this claim, they found that the video did not breach copyright law, as it is covered by the fair use clause. It was subsequently reinstated on the site, and as of November 2017, the video has achieved over 12 million views. YouTube has declined to remove it again, due to the popularity of the video, and subsequent changes to copyright policy of the website.[101]
In 2013, Cruise stated that ex-wife Katie Holmes divorced him in part to protect the couple's daughter Suri from Scientology. He also said that Suri is no longer a practicing member of the church.[102]
In March 2004, his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned. Cruise's next publicist was Lee Anne DeVette, Cruise's sister, who was herself a Scientologist. She served in that role until November 2005.[103] DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firmRogers and Cowan.[104] Such restructuring was seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes.[105][106]
The 2015 documentary Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief cast a spotlight on Cruise's role in Scientology. The film alleges that Cruise used Sea Org workers as a source of free labor.[107] In the film, Cruise's former auditor Marty Rathbun claims that wifeNicole Kidman was wiretapped on Tom Cruise's suggestion (which Cruise's lawyer denies).[108][109]
In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,[110] as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.[111] The same year, Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.[112] The founder ofCinemaScore in 2016 cited Cruise and Leonardo DiCaprio as the "two stars, it doesn't matter how bad the film is, they can pull [the box office] up."[113]
In August 2006, Paramount cited Cruise's "recent conduct" as the reason they did not renew their production contract with him.[114] In addition, Marketing Evaluations reported that Cruise's Q score (a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40 percent.[115][116]
October 10, 2006, was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.[117]
While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture. Some of Cruise's later films like A Few Good Men and The Last Samurai can also be considered to be part of this formula.
Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, "[screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist. In Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father. Where Maverick Mitchell needs to rein in the discipline, Daniel Kaffee needs to let it go, finally see what he can do." Sorkin and director Rob Reiner are praised in gradually unveiling Kaffee's potential in the film.[118]
During Cruise's marriage to Nicole Kidman, the couple endured a great deal of public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he successfully sued the Daily Express, a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was asham designed to cover up his homosexuality.[119]
In May 2001, he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater. Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine Actustar that he had been involved in an affair with Cruise. This claim was strongly denied by Cruise,[120] and in August 2001, Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default.[121]
Cruise also sued Bold Magazine publisher Michael Davis, who alleged but never confirmed that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.[122]
In 2006, Cruise sued cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.[123]
In 2009, Michael Davis Sapir filed a suit charging that his phone had been wiretapped at Cruise's behest. That suit was dropped due to statute of limitations.[124][125]
In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against In Touch and Life & Style for defamation after the magazines claimed Cruise had "abandoned" his six-year-old daughter.[126] During deposition, Cruise acknowledged that 110 days had passed without him seeing her. The suit was ultimately dropped.[127]




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