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[轉貼] "Ted" Kaczynski 大學航空炸彈客

泰德·卡辛斯基  編輯

狄奧多·約翰·「泰德」·卡辛斯基(英語:Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski,1942年5月22日—2023年6月10日[1])。美國數學家無政府原始主義者、本土恐怖主義[2][3][4],綽號大學航空炸彈客Unabomber)。於1978年至1995年間,他在全美範圍內針對他所認為推動現代技術和破壞環境的人郵寄或放置炸彈,截至1996年4月3日被捕時共造成3死23傷。

狄奧多·約翰·「泰德」·卡辛斯基
Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski

Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski
卡辛斯基被捕時的警方檔案照片
出生1942年5月22日
 美國伊利諾州芝加哥
逝世2023年6月10日(81歲)
 美國北卡羅來納州巴特納聯邦醫療中心
別名大學航空炸彈客(Unabomber
母校
職業大學數學教授、作家
刑事指控本土恐怖主義謀殺、製作及使用炸彈
刑事處罰8項連續無期徒刑
定罪
  • 10項運輸、郵寄及使用炸彈罪名
  • 3項謀殺罪
被捕日期
1996年4月3日

早期生活

編輯

卡辛斯基是波蘭移民的後代,1942年5月22日出生於美國伊利諾州庫克郡常青園。擁有167高智商的他在1958年16歲時便獲哈佛大學數學系錄取,1962年從哈佛大學本科畢業後進入密西根大學攻讀數學博士學位,其博士論文口試評委認爲他的博士論文十分深奧,全美只有十餘人能夠理解。[來源請求]1967年末,25歲的卡辛斯基受聘成爲加州大學柏克萊分校歷史上最年輕的數學系助理教授,但他對本科教學並不自在,於1969年6月30日辭職。

卡辛斯基就讀哈佛的這段時間裡接觸了心理學教授亨利·莫瑞,並遭其誘騙參與極富爭議的MKUltra計劃[5]。一些研究認為這次的實驗對他造成心理創傷,並引發他未來的犯罪動機[6]

犯罪經歷

編輯

1978年至1995年間,卡辛斯基不斷向大學教授、大型企業主管以及航空公司郵寄炸彈,共造成3人死亡23人受傷。美國聯邦調查局FBI)於1979年組成專案組,根據兇手以大學和航空公司為郵包炸彈目標的犯罪手法將案件代號定名爲「大學航空炸彈」(UNABOM[7],卡辛斯基因而得名「大學航空炸彈客」(Unabomber)。他最終於1996年4月3日在蒙大拿州被捕,並於同月被聯邦法院判處8項連續無期徒刑

首起郵包炸彈

編輯

1971年,卡辛斯基在辭去教職,並兩年後前往蒙大拿州隱居。

1978年5月25日,卡辛斯基進行第一次有記錄犯罪:他送出一件故意寫錯地址的郵包炸彈到芝加哥大學,該校工作人員收到「寄錯地址」的郵包後便把其退回「寄件人」——美國西北大學工學院材料系教授巴克利·克利斯特(Buckley Crist)——卡辛斯基的第一位有記錄犯罪對象。巴克利教授收到「退回郵包」後感到可疑,便委託一名校警代爲拆封,校警開啓郵包時被當場炸成重傷。事後警方將嫌疑犯鎖定為幾位學生,並未獲得有用線索,本次事件也被判定為學生惡作劇[8],因此卡辛斯基並沒有受警方懷疑。

聯邦調查局介入

編輯

1979年5月9日,從芝加哥飛往華盛頓特區美國航空公司444航班行李艙在飛行過程中發出巨響並冒出濃煙,一名乘客吸入後感到不適,飛機緊急迫降華盛頓國家機場不遠的杜勒斯國際機場。事後警方在行李艙內發現一枚郵包炸彈,由於其計時裝置故障而未能爆炸,當局則表示這枚炸彈足以炸毀整架飛機。

由於向航班安放爆炸裝置是一項聯邦罪行,以聯邦調查局為首與美國菸酒槍炮及爆炸物管理局美國郵政檢驗局組建專案組,對「大學航空炸彈」案件正式展開專項調查。截至1995年,卡辛斯基共向不同大學和航空公司寄出炸彈16枚,炸死3人、炸傷23人。

論著與落網

編輯

1995年4月24日,卡辛斯基向美國多間報社和雜誌社發信,承諾如果《紐約時報》和《華盛頓郵報》刊登他長達3萬5千字的論著——《論工業社會及其未來》(Industrial Society & Its Future),他便會停止持續近18年的連環炸彈案。聯邦調查局最終以「阻止炸彈案再次發生」為由,允許刊登其論文。

卡辛斯基在《論工業社會及其未來》中解釋了自己的犯罪動機。他認為工業社會必將侵蝕人類自由,技術革新將會帶來過度發展的人類基因工程[9],致使人類不斷適應並服務於社會體系,並最終被後者完全控制。為了推翻工業體系的革命,以科技倒退的形式達成人類自由的解放,具體而言,為了信息洪流中讓該宣言得到出版或曝光,他將推動科技發展的科學家和工程師等高級技術人才作爲襲擊目標。

論文發表後,不少無政府主義者、少數盧德分子[10]以及極端主義者轉為支持卡辛斯基,並繼續推動革命。與此同時,他的弟弟大衛·卡辛斯基發現論文與其寫作風格及信仰極為相似,而大衛的妻子琳達更是在論文發表前就懷疑泰德是「大學航空炸彈客」。這促使大衛向聯邦調查局提供線索,並最終致使泰德·卡辛斯基於1996年4月3日蒙大拿州林肯地區一偏遠小木屋內落網。

同月內警方以本土恐怖主義、謀殺、使用及製造炸彈等多項罪名起訴卡辛斯基。他拒絕律師團隊為避免其被判死刑而提出的精神障礙辯護,並爲此解僱法庭為其指定的律師。1998年1月22日,卡辛斯基為避免死刑主動承認控罪,被判處8項連續終身監禁,不得假釋[來源請求]

聯邦調查局表示「大學航空炸彈」案件是其建局以來最昂貴的一場調查。

逝世

編輯

2023年6月10日,泰德在巴特納聯邦醫療中心的單間內被發現死亡,時年81歲[11]。死因尚無定論,懷疑為自殺身亡[12]

著作

編輯

他擁有多個著作,而其《論工業社會及其未來》多次修訂,例如,撤回了呼籲革命者多生孩子的觀點,以及拒絕自稱無政府主義。

  1. 登報的是其手寫稿
  2. 2007年寫成後記Postscript to ISAIF,Technological_Slavery(2022)收錄
  3. 2016年進行注釋拓展,從36個尾注修訂為63個。收錄同上
  4. 2020年追加簡短評論。收錄同上
  5. 2021年追加前言[13]
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA

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Kaczynski, Ted

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Name
Kaczynski, TedGender: M
Theodore John Kaczynski
born on22 May 1942 at 06:45 (= 06:45 AM )
PlaceChicago, Illinois, 41n51, 87w39
TimezoneCWT h5w (is war time)
ataSource" title="HelpataSource" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Data source
BC/BR in hand
Rodden Rating AA
CollectorAstrodienst
Astrology datas_su.18.svg s_gemcol.18.svg 00°45' s_mo.18.svg s_leocol.18.svg 20°28 Asc.s_gemcol.18.svg 21°22'



Alternative birthtime
Alternative reading of smudged BC copy
Date22 May 1942 at 10:45 (= 10:45 AM )
PlaceChicago, IL (US), 41n51, 87w39
TimezoneCWT h5w (is war time)
Astrology datas_su.18.gif s_gemcol.18.gif 00°54' s_mo.18.gif s_leocol.18.gif 22°31 Asc.s_leocol.18.gif 11°54'


Ted Kaczynski

Biography

American mathematician and domestic terrorist, called the Unabomber. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski murdered three individuals and injured 23 others in a nationwide mail bombing campaign against people he believed to be advancing modern technology and the destruction of the natural environment. He was taken into custody on 3 April 1996 with overwhelming evidence of his guilt.

Kaczynski was a gifted child but was shy and aloof. As an infant, he was hospitalized for several weeks and the hospital staff discouraged the parents from visiting their child and prevented them from holding him in their rare visits. He reportedly was never the same. He excelled in school, skipping two grades and graduating at age 16. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1962, with a major in mathematics, later earning his master's and Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Michigan. He landed a fellowship grant to conduct research and published several papers. In 1967, he landed an assistant professor's position with the University of California at Berkeley. He resigned suddenly and without explanation in 1969, moving to a remote shack, living on very little, obtaining odd jobs when he needed money, and receiving a bit of financial support from his family.

In May 1978, a bomb was sent to a professor at Northwestern University. A security guard opened it and sustained minor injuries. Several bombs were sent by mail to others but did not cause much injury until 11 December 1985 when a computer store owner was killed. In 1987 a similar incident occurred and he was spotted wearing a hooded sweatshirt but not identified though sketches appeared in major newspapers. On 24 June 1993 a Yale University computer science professor with a distinguished reputation was sent a bomb and was injured when it exploded. The person who was then called the Unabomber sent a letter to the New York Times proclaiming that an anarchist group was responsible. Additional people were killed by these bombs on 10 December 1994 and on 24 April 1995, with Kaczynski mailing several letters to former victims, which became known as the "Manifesto." The still unidentified Kaczynski demanded that were this 35,000-word "Manifesto" printed in the newspapers, he would quit his bombing campaign. The document, "Industrial Society and Its Future," arguing that technological progress was harmful and must be stopped, was published in the New York Times and Washington Post in September 1995 [1].

Kaczynski's younger brother David recognized the writing style and ideas and after an anguished debate with himself, reported his brother to the police. The unabomber was arrested on 3 April 1996 at his cabin in a remote part of Montana. Lawyers tried to convince him to use the insanity plea, and a psychologist diagnosed paranoid schizophrenia but Kaczynski refused to plead insanity. He pled guilty on 22 January 1998 to avoid the death penalty. Although he later retracted his guilty plea, he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment with no hope of appeal.

Kaczynski was an active writer in prison. The Labadie Collection, part of the University of Michigan's Special Collections Library, houses Kaczynski's correspondence from over 400 people since his arrest in April 1996, including carbon copy replies, legal documents, publications, and clippings. The names of most correspondents will be kept sealed until 2049. Kaczynski also battled in federal court in Northern California over the auction of his journals and other correspondence. On 10 January 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco rejected Kaczynski's arguments that the government's sale of his writings violates his freedom of expression. His writings, books, and other possessions were sold online, and the money raised was sent to several of his victims. The auction concluded in June 2011, and raised over $232,000,

Kaczynski's cabin was removed and stored in a warehouse in an undisclosed location. It was to be destroyed, but was eventually given to Scharlette Holdman, an investigator on Kaczynski's defense team. It was on display at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. as of July 2008. In a three-page handwritten letter to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Kaczynski objected to the public exhibition of the cabin, claiming it was being exhibited despite victims' objections to being publicly connected with the UNABOM case.

David Kaczynski, Theodore's brother, who turned him in to the FBI, never received a response to the monthly letters he sent to Theodore in prison, as of 2007.

In 2010, a collection of his essays and a corrected version of the "Manifesto" were published by Feral House, under the title "Technological Slavery."

On 24 May 2012, Kaczynski submitted his current information to the Harvard University alumni association. He listed his eight life sentences as achievements, his current occupation as prisoner, and his current prison address.

On 14 December 2021, the 79-year-old Kaczynski was transferred from the supermax prison in Florence, Colorado, to the Federal Medical Center, Butner, North Carolina, for health reasons. At 12:23 a.m. on 10 June 2023, emergency workers were called to Kaczynski's cell. Workers attempted to revive him in the prison and in an ambulance but were unable to do so, and he was pronounced dead at the age of 81 at the hospital. Officials believe he killed himself.

Link to Wikipedia biography

Events

  • Work : New Career 1967 (Assistant professor)
  • Work : Fired/Laid off/Quit 1969 (Left the university)
  • Crime : Homicide Perpetration 1985 (Mail bomb attack)
  • Social : Institutionalized - prison, hospital 3 April 1996 (Imprisoned upon arrest)
    chart Placidus Equal_H.
  • Death by Suicide 10 June 2023 at 12:23 AM in Butner (Age 81)
    chart Placidus Equal_H.

Navigates to this headingSource Notes

details from birth certificate

Date from news reports, without time.

Update 6 August 2013: his birth certificate was auctioned in 2011, and a copy can be seen on Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usmarshals/5713092648/sizes/o/in/set-72157626579208135/

It is hard to read, it either shows 10.45 am or 6.45 am, see detail on the right. Sy Scholfield, with whom A. Treindl consulted about the reading of the handwriting, thinks that the hour reads either as 6 or as 10. The reading as 6.45 has been made the main entry, the 10:45 entered as alternative time.

Starkman rectified it to 6.29.28 CDT.

https://www.astro.com/astro-databank/Kaczynski,_Ted

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不怕辛苦,就怕不公平;不怕卑微,就怕不公義。
可以哭泣,不要洩氣;可以悲傷,不要放棄!

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